The
calendar was very important in Yeshua’s Jewish world. A week in his life
consisted of seven day, just like our weeks today. There were some important
differences, however. Each week reminded Yeshua and his fellow Jews of the seven-day
period of creation recorded at the beginning of the TORAH scroll. The creation of the first day is recorded in Genesis
1:5 (the words in bold type are transliterations
of Hebrew words; ELOHIYM is usually
translated “God”):
ELOHIYM called the
light “Day” (יום - YOM)
and the darkness He called “Night” (לילה - LAYLAH). And there was evening, and there was morning —
YOM RISHON (First Day).
A
Jewish day begins and ends at sundown -- “and
there was evening, and there was morning.” Every afternoon,
as the sun disappeared beyond the western horizon and the first three stars
appeared, Yeshua viewed it as the beginning of a new day – a day that begins and ends with the fading of light in the western sky.
The beginning and end of a day was, and still is, determined locally.
The
Jewish calendar follows a seven-day weekly cycle, which runs concurrently but
independently of monthly and annual cycles. The names of the days of the week were
simply the day number within the week. Below are the names and order of the
days of the week with the corresponding time period of our American calendar
today.
● Yom
Rishon - יום ראשון (meaning "First Day”) began at sundown on Saturday and ended at sundown on
Sunday.
● Yom
Sheni - יום שני (meaning "Second Day"”) began at sundown on Sunday and ended at sundown
on Monday.
● Yom
Shlishi - יום שלישי (meaning "Third Day") began at sundown on Monday and ended at sundown on
Tuesday.
● Yom
Reviʻi - יום רביעי (meaning "Fourth Day") began at sundown on Tuesday and ended at sundown
on Wednesday.
● Yom
Chamishi - יום חמישי (meaning "Fifth Day") began at sundown on Wednesday and ended at sundown
on Thursday.
● Yom
Shishi - יום ששי (meaning "Sixth Day") began at sundown on Thursday and ended at sundown
on Friday.
● Yom
Shabbat - יום שבת (meaning “Rest Day”) began at sundown on Friday and ended at sundown on Saturday.
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