Yeshua, like other rabbis, used a popular method of
teaching in which a light commandment is linked to a heavy commandment to show
that keeping the light commandment is just as important as keeping the heavy
commandment. The premise is that if a
man keeps the light commandments he will not break the more serious heavy
commandments. On the other hand, breaking a light commandment can have serious
consequences because it could lead to breaking a heavy commandment. An early example
of this method is found in 4 Maccabees 5:19-21.
Do not suppose that it would be a
petty sin if we were to eat defiled food; to transgress the law in matters
either small (light) or great (heavy) is of equal seriousness, for in either
case the law is equally despised.
A saying from around the same time as Yeshua also reflects
the use of this method. It is found in a famous quote recorded in the Mishnah[i] Avot 4:2 (Oral Law) –
One good deed leads to another good
deed; one sin leads to another sin. The
reward for a good deed is another good deed; the reward for a sin is another
sin.
The rabbis believed that if they could add something through
their teachings that would help keep people from even breaking a light
commandment, then that would even be better because their disciples would then be
far more unlikely to break a heavy commandment too. They called adding a
teaching that would keep people from breaking a light commandment “building a
fence around the Torah.” This idea is clearly established in the Oral Law too
--
Moses received the Torah from
Sinai and gave it over to Joshua. Joshua gave it over to the Elders, the
Elders to the Prophets, and the Prophets gave it over to the Men of the
Great Assembly. They [the Men of the Great Assembly] would always say these
three things: Be cautious in judgment. Establish many pupils. And build a
fence around the Torah.[ii]
The Torah was viewed as a garden and the commandments as
the precious plants in YAHWEH’s Garden.[iii] The teachers of the
Torah viewed themselves as the guards and protectors of YAHWEH’s Garden. Yeshua
clearly saw himself as a guard and protector of the Torah, too – he was a master
builder of fences around the Torah.
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