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The Temple: Jesus In Context


The history of the descendants of Abraham from Moses to Jesus is divided into periods that reflect the temples of Yahweh – The Tabernacle of Moses, The First Temple and the Second Temple.

(1) When the Israelites entered Canaan, they brought the Tabernacle of Moses with them and established to semi-permanently at Shiloh (Joshua 18:1).

(2) When King David conquered Jerusalem in 1010 BCE, he transferred the Ark of the Covenant to a tent-shrine in his new capital. In 960 BCE Solomon built the First Temple and the elements of the Tabernacle were incorporated into it. The First Temple replaced the Tabernacle as the place where humans could approach the presence of Yahweh. The First Temple operated for 374 years until it was destroyed by the Babylonians in 586 BCE.

(3) The Second Temple began operations in 530 BCE under the authority of Cyrus the Great, King of the Persian Empire. It would continue to operate until 70 CE, about 43 years after Jesus was crucified. It was destroyed by Roman armies. During the 600 years it operated, it would be under the authorities of Persians, Greeks, Maccabees, Herod the Great and the Romans.

Jesus was born about two years before Herod died. Jesus lived all of his adult life under the Roman rule. The primary obligations the Romans demanded from foreigners were the payment of taxes and compliance with Roman laws. The Romans pretty much left the rule of a nation up to its leaders, and that included the operation of their temples as centers of cultic activities.

From childhood until immediately before he was crucified by the Romans, Jesus participated in rituals and feasts at the Temple, as did members of other Jewish communities. Jesus taught at the Temple on numerous occasions, as did many other Jewish teachers. The Temple clearly played a central role in shaping Jewish thought.

A topic that was very important to the Jewish people was making sure they understood the requirements for correctly entering the Temple’s sacred space, especially approaching as near as permitted to the Holy of Holies, the place where the presence of Yahweh appeared. This was the only place on Earth a human could come that close to Yahweh. Making sure his disciples approached the presence of Yahweh correctly at the Temple was important to Jesus too. He addressed that subject in his teachings.
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